Stone can be used in several different types of work :
- solid walls
- flagging (outside and inside)
- coverings (glued or stapled facing)
- framing of openings
- decorative elements (balusters, cornices, fountains...)
- indoor installations (fireplaces, kitchens, bathrooms)
- furniture (wardrobes, beds, hifi units...)
The principles of stone laying must respect certain very precise constraints depending on the type of work in order to ensure the success and longlasting of the work.
Hereafter we describe the main principles to be followed when laying flagstones and vertical standing stonework.
Paving Stones :
Firstly, the stone must be laid using a binder with the same dilatation coeffient, for example, natural limestone. Artificial cement must never be used.
Secondly, a metal framework entails taking precautions to prevent rusting and stone splintering due to the metal ; if necessary, stainless steel can be used.
Thirdly, the stone must be dampened for the jointing.
This is the composition recommended for the jointing binder :
- 1/3 sand, of a colour close to that of the stone
- 1/3 second cuts, ember dust, fine sawing dust or stone dust
- 1/3 natural white lime + a trowel of white cement
Vertical Coverings :
There are two different techniques : gluing or stapling.
Gluing is for fine facings on elevations under 3 m.
Stapling is for paving stones over 5 cm thick on semi-load-bearing walls. Generally you must count 4 stainless steel staples per m2.
In addition to their aesthetic qualities, stone coverings make good insulators from the outside when an air gap is left between the stone and the wall.
Cement-glue is used more and more for opening frames and decorative elements.